Recent events have made the patents value of question

Prior to BUG, Inc. chooses to go global the organization needs to apply for licenses and trademarks to protect their corporate picture and their item. At the baer least, the organization needs to apply for an American patent and trademark. Under the rules of the Paris Convention of 1870, in excess of 125 countries overall perceive licenses that are enrolled with the World Patent Office in Switzerland (â€Å"International Protection of Intellectual Property† 2007).Recent occasions have made the licenses estimation of inquiry in some Third World nations as there is a global development to permit creating countries an exclusion from world patent laws, however given the idea of the item and the import guidelines of most modernized nations, the patent assurance is unquestionably worth having. Likewise significant is a global trademark for the organization logo (U. S. Trademark Law 2007). Setting up a lawful case to the trademark can assist the organization with establishing a globa l personality related with both their name and logo.Neither of these securities are especially costly and they can forestall the offer of bootleg market merchandise which encroach on the BUG, Inc. item. They can likewise make it workable for BUG, Inc. to look for reward in case of patent encroachment. Setting up the trademark and patent turns out to be particularly significant when Steve connects with is corporate reconnaissance and transfers inward innovative work data to BUG, Inc. ’s contender, WIRETAP.The first thing that BUG needs to think about with respect to the Steve’s activities as a representative of WIRETAP is that he ahs carried out a felony under the Economic Espionage Case of 1996 (â€Å"Economic espionage†, 2007). That implies that if the organization can prduce adequate proof, Steve could be dealing with government indictments for his activity. Steve could confront 10 years in jail and up to $500,000 in fines identified with criminal accusations of the burglary of competitive advantages (Halligan 1996). WIRETAP could confront $5 million in fines. (Halligan 1996).Because Walter was not a law authorization official, it could be contended that his keeping Steve in a bolted space for six hours establishes bogus detainment and he could deal with criminal indictments identified with those activities (Best Practice #1, 1999). As indicated by the International Association of Security Professional, the law permits security watchmen to confine individuals associated with a wrongdoing sufficiently long to find out their personality and to contact the police, not to address them for six hours, contingent upon the state they are working in, he could be accused of bogus detainment or kidnapping.(Best Practice #1, 1999). Furthermore, in many states, his dangers of physical viciousness, however just dangers, establish a boisterous attack on Steve and he could be accused of ambush too. (Online Dictionary, 2007) Furthermore, on the grounds t hat Walter did this while at work and utilized an organization office to do as such, BUG, Inc. may confront some risk for his activities too. BUG could contend that Walter was not acting inside the extent of his obligations, yet that is misrepresented by the way that he took these activities on organization time and on organization property.(Best Practice #1, 1999). This may imply that in view of Walter’s activities, BUG could be confronting more noteworthy obligation than Steve is. At the point when BUG goes on the web, it is conceivable that they might have the option to procure the area name recently bought by the clearinghouse organization through a claim contending that the clearinghouse bought it with the expectation of denying them from the trademark (Uniform Domain, 1999).There are likewise arrangements for managerial hearings if BUG can show that the other element embraced the space name just trying to deny them of the name by which they are usually known (Uniform Do main, 1999). Notwithstanding, it would be basic as their lawyer to clarify that the expense of impelling the claim could be enormous and that they ought to gauge the expense of the claim against the expense of basically buying the area name from the present proprietors. There are arrangements for the recuperation of charges through the authoritative hearing procedure, yet they are not ensured to win (Uniform Domain, 1999).BUG ought to likewise know that as the instigators of an online agreement they can figure out what conditions establish acknowledgment of the agreement and that American courts have held that online agreements are just as official as composed agreements (CyberLaw 2007). The organization ought to likewise figure out what their approach is concerning offer of their item to non-law authorization work force and on the off chance that they plan to convey solely to suitable law implementation faculty, how they will check that the individual requesting the provisions is w ho they case to be.The company ought to likewise consider contracting with an outside firm to flexibly site security to shield their budgetary exchanges from programmers (CyberLaw 2007). At the BUG plant in Shady Town, BUG risk for the assault on the seller and workers is moderated by the way that there is a network wide wrongdoing binge in progress and by the way that the organization has not supplanted lights that have been broken or worn out. As a welcomed visitor of the organization, the merchant has the option to anticipate wellbeing as do representatives (Killion, 2007).When sued for misfortunes which happened on their property, Bug’s lawyers can contend that their duty to give a sheltered situation to workers and customers was sabotaged by the network wide wrongdoing binge (Killion, 2007) The examination concerning Steve’s activities may bring about common RICO procedures if the organization can demonstrate fundamental mail, wire or protections extortion ( "Overview† 2007). Without proof of the fundamental wrongdoing, it is extremely unlikely to seek after regular citizen RICO charges (â€Å"Overview† 2007).Because the organization knew about the potential threat presented by the previous model and picked not to address it with an end goal to bring down creation costs, BUG is liabile for the wounds endured by Sally. (â€Å"Product Liability† 2007) If the organization had been ignorant of the injury potential from the model or had found it after the model was in mass circulation and had given a review, their obligation may have been lower. Nonetheless, the organization knew about the issue and decided not to fix it with an end goal to make more money.At that point, a decent close to home injury legal advisor could contend that BUG was careless and accordingly ought to be compelled to pay real harms to Sally, yet additionally corrective harms as an honor for torment and languishing. Reformatory harms are granted when the court establishes that an organization ought to be rebuffed for their activities; for this situation, for realizing that the item was conceivably unsafe and never helping to end the danger.If the case went to preliminary, BUG’s lawyers could contend that the more up to date models of the gadget were more secure and that the obligation regarding Sally’s injury ought to be shared by her boss for neglecting to furnish her with the more up to date model, yet this contention never really decline BUG’s risk. (â€Å"Product Liability† 2007). WORKS CITED â€Å"Best Practice #1: Detaining Shoplifiting Suspects† www. iapsc. organization/uploaded_documents/bp1. doc, November 6, 2007. PC Crimes and Intellectual Property Law† < http://www. usdoj. gov/criminal/cybercrime/iplaws. html> November 6, 2007. â€Å"Cyber Law† http://www. sidley. com/cyberlaw/highlights/int_juris.asp, November 6, 2007. â€Å"Free Dictionary† http://www. th efreedictionary. com/ambush, November 6, 2007. Halligan, R. Imprint. â€Å"The Economic Espionage Act of 1996: The Theft of Trade Secrets is Now a Federal Crime† http://my. execpc. com/~mhallign/wrongdoing. html November 6, 2007. â€Å"International Protection of Intellectual Property† < http://www. wipo. int/pct/en/settlement/about. htm> November 6, 2007. Killion, Susan Westrick and Katherine Dempski. â€Å"Legal And Ethical Issues† http://books. google. com/books? id=I20ZNJHFRVcC&pg=PA105&lpg=PA105&dq=corporate+liability+for+attack+on+premises&source=web&ots=WTIBrE-gj2&sig=iVtr5bLslUY7wZLeBT1zNzagWRQ

Analytical Essay Sample on “The Metamorphosis” by Franz Kafka

Logical Essay Sample on â€Å"The Metamorphosis† by Franz Kafka In the Franz Kafka’s â€Å"The Metamorphosis† Gregor the fundamental character experiences a progression of mental changes, that represent how distanced he becomes from the people of the advanced world. Through the transformation Gregor turns out to be progressively mindful of what he needs and what he needs rather than what he needs to accomplish for other.The transformation likewise represents the psychological change Gregor experiences, as by not going about as much as a human than what he did previously. Gregor’s radical difference at the top of the priority list is supported by the occasions that happen pretty much all the falsehoods that he was told about his family’s budgetary issues. In this way causing lost thinking about his family and a sentiment of distinction. Which all begin to estrange him from his family and the remainder of human society.Through the transformation Gregor turns out to be increasingly mindful of what he needs and not what ot hers need him to do. All through the vast majority of the story Gregor carries on with an existence of serving and not accepting anything for his difficulties. An existence of subjugation brought about by his family who becomes in the red on account of terrible financial choices. Gregor is approached to help yet he feels that it is his obligation to pay the obligation his family has and his dad choose to exploit this. Gregor despised his activity, â€Å"Oh God, he thought, what a tiresome activity I’ve picked. Day in day out and about. The torment of voyaging stressing over changing trains and eating hopeless food (1157)†. But since of the obligation he felt towards his family he would suffer it. He understood how he was dealt with â€Å" he was an instrument of his supervisor without cerebrum or a spine (1161) † but then said nothing and just would accept it as though he where really a creepy crawly working for the sovereign with out saying anything. He could s ee and realized that he could find employment elsewhere and that his family and his manager inadequately rewarded him. While working he would see other sales reps and perceive how simple their employments where contrasted with his. Gradually Gregor gets mindful on how he not thought about or not mulled over what he needs more than others.Gregors transformation represents how he turns out to be less human for a long time, disregarding his needs to turning into an individual who basically couldn't care less any longer. In the start of the story Gregor wakes in the first part of the day whining to himself that he needs more rest. â€Å" This getting up so early idea makes anybody a total simpleton (1157)†. Through this statement Gregor exhibits how uncomfortable he is with his every day routine.As well as how he needs everything to change however yet fails to address it. He contrasts himself and other sales reps who a simply beginning to have their morning meal, when he is coming back to do a check in. Gregor perceives how well of he could be however overlooks his inclination to mollify with his family. Gregor starts to address himself about leaving and doing what he needs however just overlooks the inclina tion and the craving to do off with the activity that he abhors to such an extent. â€Å"Well I havent surrendered trust totally, once I’ve gotten the cash to pay of f my folks obligation to him, that will most likely take another five or six years. (1157)†. Through this statement Gregor discusses leaving the activity and doing off with his mean chief. He realizes that his activity is doing him awful and requirements to get another, yet wants to help his family more than help himself. Towards the finish of the novella Gregor starts to overlook his needs and go on with life till he kind of has a psychological breakdown, in which he accepts that he is a bug. What's more, he starts to act like one. Gregor experiences the difference in thinking about things to not caring what he needs. This progressions him radically. Gregor transformation represents another adjustment where he turns out to be progressively far off from his family through finding all the untruths that his family had informed him concerning not having any cash. He buckled down and it because for an untruth, when his family had cash all set aside, simply that they needed more. He becomes les human like and chooses to mind his own business since he is presumably truly stung. The change the change that he goes tossed in the transformation change is mostly demonstrated when he turns out to be less human and reliant on his family rather than his family being needy of him. In the first place he is the one that is supporting the family and buckles down ordinarily to give, yet towards he end he goes tossed a psychological awkwardness that make him unequipped for working driving that family to begin thinking about themselves. Gregor is less human like since he gets unfit to help himself causing him to withdraw farther and farther away from the human culture. â€Å"The spoiled apple in his back and the aroused region around it, which where totally secured with cushioned residue, as of now bare ly troubled him† (1188). Through this statement we see that the more he starts to believe that he is a bug the less he is thinking about his prosperity. It no longer troubles him that he is messy and that it starts to appear to be ordinary to him. This shows how farther away he is floating from the human culture, since like a typical human he might not want to be filthy in the event that he realized that he could take care of business. He no longer observes what he needs or needs, just as what is beneficial for him. He just exists as far as he could tell as a bug that is simply there.Gregors separating from his family made him somewhat less human since he would not like to interface with them.In end from the earliest starting point of the book towards the closures Gregors transformation has been an image of how Gregor has gotten far off from the human culture and how he has become less human himself. Like in the asking of the book he was an individual worried about the governm ent assistance of others and endeavored to support them. Be that as it may, towards the end he turned into somewhat impeded by accepting that he was a bug and begun to acknowledge his encompassing and begin acting like one. He turned out to be less worried about his prosperity and that of people around him, yet simply couldn't have cared less any increasingly, simply needed to sit idle. He was not worried about what he could do to help himself yet simply be there. The more Gregor experienced his transformation the less human like he became. Along these lines isolating him from the remainder of the human culture and, causing him no to need to connect with his family just as any other person that he interacted with, which caused his definitive destruction.

London Olympics 2012

Presentation The accompanying article is on occasion the board and it explicitly searches for manners by which the occasion coordinators of the London Olympics 2012 can make the occasion one of the most noteworthy encounters to the going to visitors.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on London Olympics 2012 explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Description The city of London has the benefit of facilitating the occasion this year and it is the desire for everybody that the occasion coordinators will give the best understanding to whole watchers. The administration of the occasion requires intelligence in venture the board and coordination of exercises (Hermes, Loos and Thomas, 2008). The occasion presents an enormous promoting advantage for the nation just as financial advantages. Showcasing opportunity will originate from the display of the country’s items (Jones, 2001). The occasion will draw in excess of 9,000,000 guests to London and 10, 5000 m embers. This article will concentrate on the most proficient method to make the occasion effective. Occasions are events that are arranged or spontaneous. This exposition will anyway examine explicitly Olympics 2012 that is a super occasion. A super occasion is an occasion that has an overall noticeable quality and interest (Getz, 2000). Hypothetical points of view of occasion the executives Event the board is worried about the association of assets, for example, time and HR just as funding to guarantee that the exercises happen in an auspicious way and that they bring about the proposed result (Getz, 2007). At the point when occasion the executives is seen from that viewpoint, occasion the executives would then be able to be portrayed as association of exercises procedurally and expertly to guarantee that the event has accomplished the ideal result (Goldblatt, 2005). When taking a gander at it from this point of view it is anything but difficult to concentrate on the advancement of the exercises that make an arranged occasion fruitful just as adjust the exercises extensively. From an undertaking, the executives point of view the occasion the board has five significant stages talked about underneath (Allen et al., 2008). The primary stage is the examination that includes directing a primer research with a point of acquiring data on the occasion planned to occur. It includes doing a plausibility concentrate on the host city of the occasion (Lindlof and Taylor, 2002).Advertising Looking for exposition on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other investigates from the Sydney Olympics express visitors’ disappointment over expansion of sellers and promoting all through the occasion that made the experience sickening. The guests were keen on excitement and rush as a component of their experience (Malhotra, 2002). The guests were of various socioeconomics as far as age, race, and nation of cause. The practicality study helps in recognizing materials and administrations required for the achievement of the occasion (Getz, 1998). Subsequent to directing the attainability study, the following stage includes plan. This worries giving the guests an essential encounter utilizing the six D’s of experience. These are: Details of the antiquities, which are significant in London experience particularly in curios, for example, logos, subtleties of the stage execution and the donning exercises. Delineation of the normal experience is likewise a significant piece of setting up the London Olympic guests with a thought of how the genuine experience will be. The other experience is the specific advantages that the guests will get. For London Olympics it is the style, the craftsmanship, innovation and foundation that will make it energizing. Settling on the picture or position of the occasion is significant. The London Olympic picture is yet to come out completely, yet the Olympic itself is sufficient brands to advertise the donning experience. Exhibit of the experience has been finished by publicizing the occasion through sites and advertisements that show how it will resemble. Conveyance of the experience is the exercises done during the games, for example, giving guests energizing involvement with the scenes and outside the settings. Enjoyment is the visitors’ energy about the experience. The London Olympic coordinators can acquire this by giving ancient rarities of the award holders and champs just as other memorabilia things identified with the occasion (Gilmore and Pine, 1999). The structure centers around the inventive part of the occasion and concerns the appearance and beautifications that will make the spot appealing and critical. This viewpoint gives the occasion uniqueness from different occasions (Gilmore and Pine, 1998). The structure procedure requires the occasion coordinators to cooperate and conceptualize thoughts on the kind of workmanship and plans to use in the occasion (Funke, Meusburger and Wunder, 2009). The plan brings the creative part of occasion and contributes colossally to the inheritance of the experience. It might include parts of lighting, calligraphy, painting, and the general course of action of the setting particularly during the London Olympic 2012 opening and shutting services which are useful in publicizing London Olympic and engaging guests (Goldblatt, 1997).Advertising We will compose a custom article test on London Olympics 2012 explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The third significant part of occasion the executives for joining while overseeing occasion is arranging. This stage is basic for the London Olympic 2012 so as to give the guests and onlookers a superior encounter. Extraordinary arranging is required like surveying the danger of the occasion particularly because of psychological oppression exercises. This requires specials showcasing and wellbeing measures to pull in guests. The part of time is basic in guaranteeing that suitable arrangements that are conceivable before the occasion happens are done (Compton et al., 2007). Time arranging guarantees that the arrangements are convenient. The other part of arranging manages space, which investigates scenes. For London Olympics 2012, the settings are the Olympic arena, the Aquatic place, Velodrome and Handball Arena. Arranging includes taking a gander at the quantity of individuals every setting can oblige. It additionally investigates the parts of movement particularly on the grounds that traffic in London can be an issue during the occasion. The other significant angles are the enhancements, and the presence of execution stage to guarantee that it is noticeable to all participants of the opening and shutting functions. Other than arranging reality, arrangement likewise includes planning for the occasion (Higham Hinch, 2001). The fourth part of occasion the board is that of coo rdination of exercises. It is hard for the task administrator to compose the occasion alone (Foley, Perry and Rumpf, 1996). It includes assignment of duties to trusted and proficient people who can convey brings about the territory of their aptitude (Schofield and Thompson, 2002). Coordination includes imparting the plans and choices made with lucidity to all partners so as to have an appropriate execution of the considerable number of exercises. Coordination perspective includes staffing, as staffs execute the arrangement of the occasion (O’Toole, 2000). The last part of occasion the board is that of assessment. The coordinators can get familiar with the need to adjust among promoting and experience to abstain from making interruption and disappointment to the guests like on account of Sydney Olympics (Smith, 2008). The other one is of giving acceptable guest experience as on account of Beijing 2008, which was an effective occasion (Kolaja, 2011).Advertising Searching for article on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More To prevail with regards to directing assessment it is important to lead a pre occasion review on the desire for the participants and post occasion overview on the fulfillment of the participants (Gold, 1958). This assists with assessing regions that need improvement in future (Malhotra, 2002). Step by step instructions to make London Olympics vital To make the London Olympics 2012 a triumph it is important to investigate components of occasion the executives that come full circle into its prosperity. These variables contribute monstrously to the achievement or disappointment of an occasion. Timing The principal factor is the planning of the occasion. This respects whether individuals will be accessible or not. On account of London Olympics, the occasion will occur from July 27th to twelfth August 2012 and Paralympics from 29th August to ninth September 2012 (Parry and Shone, 2011). Fund arranging Currently the coordinators of the London Olympics 2012 are taking a shot at an expected spending plan of  £9 billion. The majority of this cost will provide food for security. The focal government will meet piece of the spending plan. Ticket deals, broadcasting rights, and sponsorships will assume a noteworthy job in financing the spending plan. The guests will positively get an incentive for their cash through the security, and infrastructural improvements set up to make their experience energizing and significant. Subsequent to making the financial plan, the following stage is to search for the patrons of the occasion. The sponsorships are fundamental in giving the important assets to make the occasion effective (Haug and Teune, 2008). The exposure and publicizing costs are a portion of the expenses brought about as a major aspect of occasion association (Arcodia and Reid, 2002). HR The other factor other than the funds that is basic in the readiness of the Olympics 2012 is the part of HR the executives. The staffs incorporates individuals whose work is to give sec urity in the field, the setting planners, originators, the supporters, the food providers of the visitors and visit advisers for help the participants on movement issues (Baum and Lockstone, 2007). Legitimate arrangement of the HR will be basic in making the London Olympic 2012 effective. As of now the London Olympic supervisory group is depending on the seventy thousand volunteers to help them in the arrangements and during the game time frame. The game producers make

Janie essays

Janie articles J A N I E In Zora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God, Janie, a southern dark lady, ends up in a few awful connections before discovering genuine affection. All through the novel, being a unique character, Janie changes her courses in the middle of every relationship. In Hurstons book, Janie develops from a vagabond to a saint, before at long last turning into a warrior. Janies life started when her grandma brought her up in west Florida twenty years after the common war. Her cognizant life started at age sixteen when sitting under a pear tree. From the outset, a peruser could contrast Janie with a vagrant, however in the wake of being compelled to wed Logan Killicks, she rapidly turns into a drifter. She moves with him to his sixty sections of land of land, and in the wake of finding that she doesn't cherish Logan, she before long relinquishes her expectation that she will develop to adore him in the end. As opposed to her weakening marriage, Janie wants things sweet wid mah marriage lak when you sit under a pear tree and think. This is maybe her first experience of genuine freedom, an objective shared by numerous drifters. She later met Joe and finds that he is not normal for most other dark men. She before long escapes from Killicks to seek after a relationship with Jody. Like different drifters, it before long turned out to be certain that she ne eded to escape looking for new thoughts. She likewise observes that Jody is not normal for other people, communicating a nearly dread of similarity. In the wake of meeting Jody be that as it may, the peruser can see more saint qualities depicted in Janies life. Janie appeared to accept her drifter characteristics to the extent the train to Eatonville took her. For when she showed up, Joe turned into the focal point of the town and eclipsed Janie. At the town meeting, after Jody was chosen civic chairman, her first conspicuous saint trademark was appeared. At its decision the townspeople needed Janie to state a couple of words, however Joe intrudes on, saying mah spouse don't know nothin' 'bo... <!

Use of Public Funds in Curbing Unemployment - 275 Words

Use of Public Funds in Curbing Unemployment (Essay Sample) Content: Use of Public Funds in Curbing Unemployment: "Some people argue that the government should give every unemployed person a mobile phone and should make sure they have access to the internet. They believe this is the best way of using public money to reduce the problem of unemployment. To what extent do you agree or disagree?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Solomon ChegeUnemployment has been a constant problem that many governments seek to eradicate and many viable solutions have been set forth. The proposal to give every unemployed person a mobile phone with internet access as a solution to curbing the problem seems to be futile and a waste of public money.First and foremost, many unemployed individuals already own mobile phones and have internet access. According to Duggan (2013) 90% of Americans already own a mobile phone with over 60% of them having internet access. Despite this increase in the number of mobile users over the past years, it is notable that unemployment rates rather than decrease have also risen. Therefore, this is evidence that mobile phones access does not have a great impact on decreasing unemployment.I agree information access is important for any individual seeking employment and can be achieved through mobile phones but it remains that a high number of people already owning such tools of information access do not know how to use them and therefore spending government funds in such cases would be a big loss. In case the government was to successfully carry out such an extravagant endeavor, it would call for extra government expenditure in educating the population on how to use the mobile phones to access employment information. Otherwise, most of the people would just use the free internet access to visit social sites or other unproductive internet sites.And despite all that government expenditure many individuals have been noted to refuse to work even when a suitable job is availa...

Lady Audley’s Secret The Duality within Lady Audley’s Character - Literature Essay Samples

In Lady Audley’s Secret, Braddon portrays the character of Lady Audley as a truly complex one. She is shown to be intelligent and manipulative when she supposedly kills her husband George while also manipulating her new one, Michael, for his wealth. However, despite such cruelty, she is also depicted as a vulnerable character who is constantly in fear of discovery for her misdeeds that were born from necessity. These two aspects of Lucy Audley add to her intricate personality. Her sensitivity doesn’t redeem her from her sins but creates sympathy within the eyes of the reader and allows her to become a more likeable female role. Lucy Audley has done many horrible things within the novel. From the beginning, we begin to learn that she is not truly in love with Michael when we see her response to the proposal. She says, â€Å"Love you! Why there are women a hundred times my superior in beauty and in goodness who might love you dearly; but you ask too much of me. You ask too much of me!† (Braddon 15). She clearly shows little love for Michael and thinks that he wants something she does not want to provide. She only agrees to the marriage when Michael puts in in terms of a â€Å"bargain† which is exactly what it is to Lucy. â€Å"No more dependence, no more drudgery, no more humiliations† (Braddon 16). She knows that marrying Michael will relieve her of her struggles due to poverty and will be free of â€Å"dependence† and other hardships she had. Having this newfound wealth and to not be concerned about money are her motivations. Lucy’s lack of wealth seems to be the one sympa thetic quality of Lucy within this scene. â€Å"I have never seen anything but poverty. My father was a gentlemen; clever, accomplished, generous, handsome – but poor†¦ Poverty, poverty, trials, vexations, humiliations, deprivations! You cannot tell; you, who are amongst those for whom life is so smooth and easy; you can never guess what is endured by such as we†¦ I cannot be blind to the advantages of such an alliance† (Braddon 15). Lucy talks of her difficulty living in poverty and that it is difficult for her to refuse the offer, despite not loving him, because of the obvious advantages of gaining such wealth from him. She even states before how there were â€Å"superior† women to her which is commenting on her own impoverished state. She feels almost unworthy of these riches and position that Michael wants to give her and it is clear that she feels almost pushed into this situation by her need of money and Michael’s unshared love. This shows that her intentions were not malicious when she accepted his proposal but were out of desperation due to poverty. However, years later, she does seem to manipulate Michael even more by using his unwavering affection and devotion to her advantage. When Robert Audley announces that he is to be staying at Audley Court, Lucy gets him to leave early by persuading Michael. â€Å"It isn’t that Mr. Audley is a very agreeable young man, and a very honourable young man; but you know, Sir Michael, I’m rather a young aunt for such a nephew†¦ Poor is Alicia is rather jealous of any attention Mr. Audley pays me† (Braddon 114). She insinuates that Robert is attracted to her and is giving her more attention than Alicia which causes Michael to become defensive and ask him to leave. When he returns later and starts to accuse Lucy, she goes back to Michael and convinces him that Robert is mad. â€Å"A little out of his mind†¦ But madness is sometimes hereditary†¦ People may generally keep these things a secret. There may have been madness in your sister-in-law’s familyâ €  (Braddon 243-244). Michael believes whatever she tells him and Lucy even comments that â€Å"I can put black before him, and if I say it is white, he will believe me† (Braddon 240). Lucy knows how easily convinced Michael is when it comes to herself because of how blinded by love he is. She constantly uses this to her advantage, without remorse, and pushes Robert away through Michael whenever he is about to uncover her secrets. Despite this callous influence of Lady Audley, they are also done out of necessity. Robert Audley is constantly threatening Lucy that she will become exposed. Lucy is under much pressure when Robert is trying to pull the truth from her and his suspicions makes Lady Audley nervous. When he discusses the â€Å"circumstantial evidence† with Lucy at the end of Chapter 15, Lucy becomes distraught. She exclaims, â€Å"How can you ask a poor little woman about such horrid things?†, and then shortly after, â€Å"Lady Audley had fainted away† (Braddon 107). She faints after hearing his suspicions of her and that makes it clear that she is under a lot of anxiety with Robert pushing her. â€Å"Will he stop now that he has once gone so far? Will he stop for fear of me? Will anything stop him – but death?† (Braddon 253). Lady Audley knows that Robert is overzealous in his investigation of Georges disappearance and will stop at nothing to uncover the truth. That is why she goes through such lengths to persuade Michael because it is the only way she can keep him from her with his constant tormenting of her and threats of uncovering her secret. She later even questions why he hates her so much which shows that Robert is displaying very negative feelings towards her. Not only does Robert treat her so harshly, but Luke does so too. Phoebe, her handmaid, must marry him but doesn’t want to and Lucy tries to bribe him so he’d agree to it. The tables are then turned around on her when she finds out Luke knows her secret. In response to her bribe, Luke says, â€Å"Fifty pound ain’t much to start a public. You’ll make it a hundred, my lady† (Braddon 98). He knows a secret about Lady Audley, which is later found out to be the truth about George’s death, and instead of being like Robert and turning her in, he decides to take money from her. â€Å"He’s not fit for his present business, though. He’s scarcely ever sober after dark, and when he’s drunk he gets almost wild, and doesn’t seem to know what he does† (Braddon 258). Luke is constantly drunk and is a terrible businessman in constant threat of losing his inn. Lady Audley has to give him money so he can keep his business afloa t or else he will reveal her secret. This constant mistreatment from Luke makes Lucy a more sympathetic character because it gives her this feeling of helplessness that audiences can’t help but feel compassion towards. Yet this mistreatment also leads her to commit even more terrible acts. Reacting to Luke’s demands for more money, Lucy says, â€Å"It would have been a good thing for me if that precious creature, your husband, had been burnt in his bed before to-night† (Braddon 259). She later goes on to burn down his inn which leaves Luke fatally wounded. Her decision to kill Luke is a drastic one and is done with little grief upon his death. She also decides to set fire to the inn as a way of getting rid of Robert. â€Å"She stopped and looked at the number on the door†¦ Then a horrible expression came over her face, and she turned the key in the lock; she turned it twice, double locking the door† (Braddon 275). She see’s Robert’s room and decides to lock him in before setting fire to the inn. She attempts to get rid of two birds with one stone and does so without any shadow of a doubt. After seeing the inn on fire in the distance, she is not surprised. The next day, she has anxious feeling, but they are only because she wants to know if Robert is truly dead. Upon finding out that he isn’t, she is shocked. Her only feelings are ones of surprise but there is no guilt in her actions which highlights her dangerous cunning. After all her deeds are done, she eventually does confess them to Robert. While it may just have been because she had no other option, Lucy does admit to her crimes. She says, â€Å"When you say that I killed George Talboys, you say the truth. When you say that I murdered him treacherously and foully, you lie. I killed him because I AM MAD!† (Braddon 294). Lady Audley finally admits to killing George but claims that the reason she did it was because she was â€Å"mad†. This furthers the idea of her vulnerability because it is making it seem as if she cannot help who she is and has almost no control over her actions. She is then taken to an institution learned to have later died in isolation. Her loneliness garners her a lot of compassion from the reader because she seems to not have much control over her life. Upon confessing her crimes, she tells her life story. â€Å"My mother was away†¦ at a very early age I found out what it was to be poor†¦ my mother was a madwoman† (Braddon 296). Finding out how much she struggled as a child and learning of her mother’s hereditary madness makes some of her deeds more understandable. While not excusing her crimes, the audience begins to see that desperation was what drove Lucy to do the things she had done and not hatred or malice. Lady Audley is a character with dual personalities. She shows cleverness and treacherous intelligence. Lucy constantly manipulates those around her and has no fear of murdering others to keep her secret. However, she is a troubled character who is exposed to many hardships. She cannot help her past for is seems to continue to follow her until the very end. The attempted murder of George Talboys, her previous life as Helen, and even her mother’s hereditary madness that she inherited are things that she cannot escape from and affect all her decisions. The horrible acts that she committed are not to be condoned at all. There are many instances of betrayal and manipulation that Lucy had done for many years. Yet they are not out of wicked intentions. What redeems her character from the point of view of the reader is her fear. She is afraid of her past coming out and of her poor condition. That is what drives her to carry out many of her actions. As creatures of understanding, one c annot help but sympathize with Lucy’s situation and begin to feel some empathy to her character. That is exactly what Braddon had intended when crafting this character and employing the duality within her persona so that she could become a more enjoyable and sympathetic role. Works Cited Braddon, Mary Elizabeth. Lady Audleys Secret. Edited by Lyn Pickett, Oxford World Classics, 2012.

Analysis of the EPA 1997 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2518 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Tags: Act Essay Did you like this example? Introduction The EPA established in 1997 was set up with the key objectives of protecting and sustaining the environment for years to come, however it seems that this legislation has been forgotten about and pushed away. The reason why it has been forgotten and neglected is unclear, some say ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s for the benefit of Australia, a better economic Australia, but no matter what way you interpret these opinions it will remain a gross miss treatment of Australian legislation. The objectives placed by the EPA are there for the safety and well being of the Environment apart from the objectives not working, the simple fact is that they are failing to do the job which they were designed to do. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analysis of the EPA 1997" essay for you Create order Economical Advancement The Common law has not provided much protection for the environment in the past and only recently governments have started taking environmental issues seriously, this neglect was brought about due to economic and industrial progress. So in our current society people can natural assume that since we are so, advance that environmental laws setup to protect and preserve as in the objectives put forward by the EPA of 1997, yet we still see the environmental laws being pushed aside for economical growth. In a recent case, The Wandoan Coal Mine Case involved an objection to a major new open-cut coal mine proposed to operate for 30 years in Queensland () this is a clear example of the law of which is put in place to protect the environment is pushed aside for economical benefit. The Paradise Dam Case involved an application in the Federal Court for a declaration and an injunction to restrain an alleged breach of a condition of approval under the EPBC Act for a l arge dam in Queensland () another clear violation of the legislation put in place to protect and preserve instead its neglected for economical gain. This is just a small outline of some violations which have been made against the EPA, which highlights the fact that the objectives put forward by the EPA are not working. Neglect for the Laws The legislation is pretty black and white when referring to what is a violation and what a violation isnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t, however the government seems to find ways to bend and self interpret the laws to suit them. This is neglect for the law, that body our society as a whole and every member no matter who they are must follow them. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Clive Palmers nickel refinery pumped toxic waste into Great Barrier Reef parkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  () one of many cases, the amazing thing about this one was they allowed him to dump seven times before interfering and stopping under the EPA laws. This shows how a man with money and power is able to b end the system in his favour he only received a fine for 1.5 million but caused damages which will take years to mend, if the EPA objectives and guidelines where being followed properly this issues would have never accrued. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The 2010 Great Barrier Reef oil spill occurred on 3 April 2010, when the Chinese bulk coal carrier, MV Shen Neng 1 ran aground east of Rockhampton in Central Queensland, Australiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  now this accident wasnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t necessary a fault due to the EPA however the EPA failed to have sufficient coverage of tracking over the great barrier reef for ships travelling through which stated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Great Barrier Reef Vessel Traffic Service was not able to warn him due to limited coverage of the area by their systems.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  () Point is if they followed the objection of protection, than proper coverage would be assumed. These simple cases that show how people in our society neglect or environment and it generally ends worse off than when it started leading to the idea that the EPA objectives arenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t working. General public The EPA wasnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t just established to protect the environment from big companies and the government but also from the general public. When putting the act into practice, all parties from the big to small must be enforced however in some cases the general public are being pardoned for violations against the act due to the idea that the law is only enforced to big parties. A recent case saw a small family fighting the courts Legislation This Act is the Environment Protection Act 1997. Objects (1) The particular objects of this Act areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  (a) to protect and enhance the quality of the environment; and (b) to prevent environmental degradation and adverse risks to human health and the health of ecosystems by promoting pollution prevention, clean production technology, reuse and recycling of materials a nd waste minimisation programs; and (c) to require people engaging in polluting activities to make progressive environmental improvements, including reductions of pollution at the source as such improvements become practical through technological and economic development; and (d) to achieve effective integration of environmental, economic and social considerations in decision-making processes; and (e) to promote the concept of a shared responsibility for the environment by acknowledging environmental needs in economic and social decision-making; and (f) to promote the concept of a shared responsibility for the environment through public education about and public involvement in decisions about protection, restoration and enhancement of the environment; and (g) to promote the principles of ecologically sustainable development; and (h) to regulate, reduce or eliminate the discharge of pollutants and hazardous substances into the ai r, land or water consistent with maintaining environmental quality; and (i) to allocate the costs of environmental protection and restoration equitably and in a way that encourages responsible use of, and reduces harm to, the environment with polluters bearing the appropriate share of the costs that arise from their activities; and (j) to facilitate the implementation of national environment protection measures under national scheme laws; and (k) to provide for the monitoring and reporting of the environmental quality on a regular basis in conjunction with the commissioner for sustainability and the environment; and (l) to control the generation, storage, collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste with a view to reducing, minimising and, where practical, eliminating harm to the environment; and (m) to adopt a precautionary approach when assessing environmental risk to ensure that all aspects of environmental qual ity, including ecosystem sustainability and integrity and beneficial use of the environment, are considered in assessing, and making decisions in relation to, the environment; and (n) to ensure that contaminated land is managed having regard to human health and the environment; and (o) to coordinate all activities as are necessary to protect, restore or improve the ACT environment; and (p) to establish a process for investigating and, where appropriate, remediating land areas where contamination is causing or is likely to causeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  a significant risk of harm to human health; or (ii) a significant risk of material environmental harm or serious environmental harm; and this Act must be construed and administered accordingly. (2) For subsection (1) (g), ecologically sustainable development means the effective integration of economic and environmental considerations in decision-making processes and to be achievable through implementation of the following principles: (a) the precautionary principle, namely, that if there is a threat of serious or irreversible environmental damage, a lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing measures to prevent environmental degradation; (b) the inter-generational principle, namely, that the present generation should ensure that the health, diversity and productivity of the environment is maintained or enhanced for the benefit of future generations; (c) conservation of biological diversity and ecological integrity; (d) improved valuation and pr icing of environmental resources. (3) In this section: national scheme laws meansà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  (a) the National Environment Protection Council Act 1994 (Cwlth); and (b) the National Environment Protection Council Act 1994 Case Studies High Court of Australia The Tasmanian Dam Case is the most famous and influential environmental law case in Australian history. In it, the Commonwealth Government succeeded in stopping a large hydro-electric dam proposed to be constructed in the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area. Federal Court of Australia The Flying Fox Case involved an application for an injunction to restrain the killing of thousands of flying foxes. The case was heard in the Federal Court in 2000-2001 and was the first test of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) (EPBC Act ). The Nathan Dam Case involved a judicial review application and an appeal against a decision involving a proposed large dam in cen tral Queensland. The case was heard in the Federal Court. It was a major test case for environmental impact assessment under the EPBC Act and established that direct and indirect impacts of an action are relevant when assessing the impacts of actions under the Act. The Greentree Case involved an important trial and appeal in the Federal Court of Australia to restrain farmers in northern NSW from contravening the EPBC Act by clearing and ploughing 100 ha of a Ramsar Wetland in preparation for planting a wheat crop. The Japanese Whaling Case involved an application for a declaration and an injunction in the Federal Court under the EPBC Act to restrain Japanese whaling in the Australian Whale Sanctuary adjacent to Antarctica. The Wildlife Whitsunday Case involved a judicial review application in the Federal Court against decisions under the EPBC Act involving the greenhouse gas emissions from two large coal mines in Queensland. The Anvil Hill Case involved a judicial review application in the Federal Court against a decision under the EPBC Act concerning greenhouse gas emissions from a large coal mine in New South Wales, known as the Anvil Hill Project. The Waratah Coal Case involved judicial review proceedings in the Federal Court undertaken in 2008 by Waratah Coal Inc against a refusal of a $5.3 billion coal mine, railway and port by the Federal Environment Minister. The Paradise Dam Case involved an application in the Federal Court for a declaration and an injunction to restrain an alleged breach of a condition of approval under the EPBC Act for a large dam in Queensland. The Lamattina Case involved a civil prosecution in the Federal Court of a South Australian farmer for clearing 170 eucalyptus trees, thereby causing a significant impact on a threatened species contrary to section 18 of the EPBC Act. Alec Finlayson Pty Ltd v Armidale City Council involved litigation for negligence against a NSW local government for approving a resident ial development on contaminated land. The Volga Cases involved two related proceedings concerning the arrest of the Russian-flagged longline fishing vessel, Volga, which was apprehended by the Australian Navy for illegally fishing for Patagonian Toothfish in the Australian Fishing Zone (AFZ) adjacent to Heard and McDonald Islands, remote and uninhabited islands 4000 km southwest of Perth. Queensland Planning and Environment Court The Pelican Links Cases involved a series of cases in the Planning and Environment Court, Magistrates Court, District Court and Court of Appeal involving pre-emptive clearing and a planning appeal for a large residential development near Caloundra in South-East Queensland. The Tornabene appeal is a case study of a routine and typical development application and subsequent appeal under Queenslands planning laws. The Cassowary Case involved an appeal in the Planning and Environment Court under the Integrated Planning Act 1997 (Qld) concerning t he impacts of a proposed rural residential subdivision on cassowary habitat. The Donnybrook Sand Mine Case involved an appeal in the Planning and Environment Court about a large sand mine adjacent to a Ramsar Wetland. The Frippery Case involved an application under the Nature Conservation Act 1992 (Qld) to restrain the electrocution of flying-foxes. Two trials were heard in the Planning and Environment Court and two appeals were made to the Queensland Court of Appeal. The Yardley Case involved another application under the Nature Conservation Act 1992 (Qld) in the Planning and Environment Court to restrain the electrocution of flying-foxes. The Plumbs Chambers Case involved an appeal in the Planning and Environment Court against demolition of two cultural heritage listed buildings at Warwick. Queensland Land and Resources Tribunal The Newlands Coal Mine Case involved an objection in the Queensland Land and Resources Tribunal (LRT) against the greenhouse gas emissio ns from the mining, transport and use of coal from the expansion of a large open cut coal mine in Queensland. The Sonoma Coal Mine Case involved an objection in the LRT against the greenhoues emissions from the mining, transport and use of coal from a large open cut coal mine in Queensland. Land Court of Queensland The Khyber Case involved an appeal to the Land Court of Queensland by a landholder against refusal of a tree clearing permit under the Land Act 1994 (Qld) for a pastoral property known as Khyber. Applications for broadscale clearing such as involved in this appeal are no longer possible due to the phase-out of broadscale land clearing in Queensland in 2006. This case study is provided to explain and illustrate the operation of the concepts involved in Queenslands vegetation management system in practice. The Wandoan Coal Mine Case involved an objection to a major new open-cut coal mine proposed to operate for 30 years in Queensland and produce 1.3 billion tonn es of greenhouse gases. District Court of Queensland R v Dempsey involved an application for leave to appeal to the Queensland Court of Appeal against a sentence imposed by the District Court of Queensland for illegal logging in the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area. The decision in the appeal stated important principles for sentencing of serious environmental crimes done for commercial gain. R v Boyle involved a prosecution and sentencing of a serious environmental crime in the District Court of Queensland. The facts involved clearing of a large swath of a national park by a grazier to allow ease of movement of his cattle between paddocks. Magistrates Court of Queensland Broughton v Nguyen involved a summary criminal prosecution in the Magistrates Court of Queensland for fisheries offences resulting in a $30,000 fine. NSW Land and Environment Court The Hudson Case involved a criminal prosecution in the NSW Land and Environment Court for illegal clearing of native vegetation on a grazing property known as Yarrol near Moree. The accused, Mr Hudson was convicted and fined $408,000, plus costs. NSW Local Court EPA v Feodoroff involved a summary criminal prosecution and sentencing for a relatively minor environmental offence in the NSW Local Court at Ballina. The case also involved a dispute on costs. Victorian Supreme Court Brown Mountain Logging Case involved a proceeding in the Victorian Supreme Court to restrain logging at Brown Mountain in East Gippsland. Victorian Civil Administrative Tribunal The Hazelwood Power Station Case involved a judicial review proceeding in the Victorian Civil Administrative Tribunal challenging the failure to consider greenhouse gas emissions when approving expansion of a coal mine to supply the Hazelwood Power Station. It was one of the first climate change cases in Australia. International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) The Volga Cases involved two related proceedings, one in the Federal Court of Australia and the other in the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. The cases concerned the arrest of the Russian-flagged longline fishing vessel, Volga, which was apprehended by the Australian Navy for illegally fishing for Patagonian Toothfish in the Australian Fishing Zone (AFZ) adjacent to Heard and McDonald Islands, remote and uninhabited islands 4000 km southwest of Perth.